Population size and nocturnal activity of Cyprus Grass Snakes, Natrix natrix moreotica (Bedriaga, 1882), in an arid island environment

Abstract

Grass Snakes (Natrix spp.) constitute the most widespread snake taxon in the Eurasian continent. While research on Grass Snakes is historically robust, there is a lack of data for the distribution, population trends and estimates, and ecology of Natrix natrix inhabiting the island of Cyprus, often accredited on its elusive nature. The Grass Snake population in the Troodos Mountains has garnered the most attention in the past, while the vulnerable lowland population in the southeast of the island remains relatively understudied. It is assumed that this latter population is small, highly fragmented and inhabits habitats that face severe anthropogenic pressures. These threats are exacerbated by prolonged drought and heat waves. Population monitoring and estimates of the number of individuals per life stage are needed to inform and support the long-term conservation of lowland N. natrix populations in Cyprus. We estimated the number of individuals in two lowland areas and highlight the usefulness of nocturnal instead of diurnal transect surveys. Lastly, we recommend ways to move forward with monitoring the lowland population of the species in order to aid its long-term survival.